They Came Before Columbus
References:
They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence … – Amazon.com
They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America (Journal of African Civilizations) [Ivan Van Sertima] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping …
Ivan van Sertima – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ivan Gladstone Van Sertima (26 January 1935 – 25 May 2009) was a … He published his They Came Before Columbus in 1976, as a Rutgers graduate student.
Abu Bakr II – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
14th century), also spelled ;Abubakri, may have been the ninth mansa of the Mali … history of the Malian kings does not list Abu Bakari as a mansa of Mali. … Gaoussou Diawara, claim that Abubakari II successfully traveled to the New World. … A BBC article titled “Africa’s greatest explorer”, summarizes the controversy from …
Mali Empire – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Mali Empire profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of … a semi-historical account of the empire’s foundation in the early 13th century, the … From at least the beginning of the 11th century, Mandinka kings known as …. Mansa Abubakari (a Manding corruption of the Muslim name Abu Bakr).
The Empires of the Western Sudan – Metropolitan Museum of Art
The area known as the western Sudan encompasses the broad expanse of … of the great medieval kingdoms of the western Sudan remains dependent upon and … empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that controlled the western Sudan had no … West Africa, was much sought after by both African rulers and traders bound …
From A.D. 700 to 1600 the ancient empires of Ghana (700-1100), Mali (800-1550 ) and Songhay (1300-1600) controlled vast areas of West Africa (see map and …